A court decision in a previous case with facts and points of law similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally “follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. The court`s inquiry to determine if there is a legal reason not to impose a penalty. Jurisdiction. The legal law by which judges exercise their authority. Legal advice; A term that is also used to refer to lawyers in a case. The name is applied to an action for damages brought by a person against whom a criminal or civil action was brought maliciously and without just cause after that action ended in favour of the person seeking damages. Disfigurement. Technical term in employee compensation cases for a severe and permanent scar on the head, neck or face.

Legal order requiring the competent official to execute a judgment, sanction or decree. A proceeding in which a party to legal proceedings seeks the setting aside or modification of a judgment or final order of a lower court or administrative authority. an impartial government-appointed decision-maker who conducts court proceedings on more limited issues than a judge. A justice of the peace can make decisions on minor criminal and civil (non-criminal) legal matters, solemnize marriages, hold bail hearings, issue an arrest warrant for a person or search a place, and may also issue a type of protection order called a peace bond, commonly known as a peace bond. Radiation. In a vehicle context, when the repair cost is greater than the value of the vehicle. From this term results the common term “summed”. A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence of a convicted accused. Restitutio in integrum of benefits. Resumption of workers` compensation payments after suspension or termination of benefits due to a recurrence of disability resulting in loss of earning capacity. Grand jury – A panel of citizens who hear evidence of criminal charges presented by the government and determine whether there are probable reasons to believe the crime was committed.

As used in federal criminal cases, “the government” refers to lawyers in the U.S. Attorney`s Office who are pursuing the case. Trial before a grand jury is closed to the public and the person suspected of having committed the crime is not allowed to be present or have a lawyer present. States are not required to appoint grand juries, but the federal government must do so under the Constitution. Recognition. 1. A statement of responsibility. 2.

The brief statement at the end of a legal document that the document has been properly signed and accepted. Common Law – The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions and not on laws passed by the legislature. To have to. In cases of negligence, a “duty” is the obligation to meet a certain standard of care. In the event of non-compliance, the actor runs the risk of being liable to another person to whom an obligation is owed for damages suffered by the other person for which the actor`s conduct constitutes a legal cause. See the doctrine of the rational man. A legal theory that alleges that the defendant abused a legal process, such as a subpoena or lawsuit. A number of persons (traditionally 12) chosen to decide the substantive issues in a dispute. Also small jury. Generally refers to two events in individual bankruptcy cases: (1) the “individual or group briefing” of a nonprofit budget and credit advisory agency, which individual debtors must participate in before filing under a chapter of the Bankruptcy Code; and (2) the “Personal Financial Management Course” in Chapters 7 and 13, which an individual debtor must complete before debt relief is registered.